Cross Compiling wxWidgets Applications on Linux

From Code::Blocks


If this document is helpful for you, or if you have questions or suggestions feel free to send me a mail or Personal Message.

If there are errors or you miss something feel free to edit the document to make it better.

Jens

22:32, 27 March 2008 (CET)

This document describes how to setup Code::Blocks to compile applications that use the wxWidgets toolkit for MS Windows from within Linux.
I tested it on debian sid, but it should also work on other distributions.

Needed software

Code::Blocks

You can download prebuild binaries Code::Blocks from the download page.

If you prefer to compile Code::Blocks yourself, you have the choice between downloading the sourcecode of the actual release as tarball from the official download page or to download the newest version via svn.
A guide to build Code::Blocks from svn can be found in the Nightly Cookbook.

The newest svn-versions are also available as prebuild binaries made available by users.
You can find links to the downloadpages in the actual posts in the [/index.php/board,20.0.html Nightly Builds] forum.

MinGW32

MingW32 is the cross-build version of the Minimalistic Gnu for Windows compiler suite (a port of the Gnu Compiler Suite for the MS Windows platform).
It is part of many linux distributions.

On debian the basepackage is called mingw32 and can be installed by typing 

sudo apt-get install mingw32

at the command-line.
It's up to you to find out the name of the package and install it using your preferred package-manager or either compile it by hand.

wxWidgets cross-build

For debian-users I have made prebuild binary packages available on my server. I guess they are also usable on Ubuntu, but you have to try it yourself.

I don't know if there are downloadable packages available in/for other distros, but you can build it on your own.

You can download the source-code either from my server's software pool or from the wxWidgets download page.

Unpack the sources and type configure it with 

./configure prefix=/usr/i586-mingw32msvc --host=i586-mingw32msvc --enable-unicode --build=`./config.guess` --disable-shared

The prefix depends on your MinGW32 installation, either does the host. The other switches can be changed as you prefer it, with oine exception (at the moment):
I wasn't able to build any application with the shared version of wxWidgets and to run it on MS WIndows with the native dll's. It only works if it is statically linked or you distribute the needed dll's that can be found in /usr/i586-mingw32msvc/lib/ and put them into the executables directory. Putting them into the search path might interfere with existing wxWidgets dll's on windows.

You can see the available switches with 

./configure --help


If everything wents right you get a message like this: 

Configured wxWidgets 2.8.8 for `i586-pc-mingw32msvc'

  Which GUI toolkit should wxWidgets use?                 msw
  Should wxWidgets be compiled into single library?       no
  Should wxWidgets be compiled in debug mode?             no
  Should wxWidgets be linked as a shared library?         no
  Should wxWidgets be compiled in Unicode mode?           yes
  What level of wxWidgets compatibility should be enabled?
                                       wxWidgets 2.4      no
                                       wxWidgets 2.6      yes
  Which libraries should wxWidgets use?
                                       jpeg               builtin
                                       png                builtin
                                       regex              builtin
                                       tiff               builtin
                                       zlib               builtin
                                       odbc               no
                                       expat              builtin
                                       libmspack          no
                                       sdl                no

Now you can build the libraries with 

make
make install

If you use my binaries you should be able to call wx-config directly.

As test you can run 

wx-config --list

.

The ouput should look like 

   Default config is gtk2-unicode-release-2.8

 Default config will be used for output

 Alternate matches:
   base-unicode-release-2.8

 Also available in /usr:
   i586-mingw32msvc-msw-unicode-debug-2.8
   i586-mingw32msvc-msw-unicode-release-2.8
   i586-mingw32msvc-msw-unicode-release-static-2.8

You can see the cross-compile configurations starting with i586-mingw32msvc-msw.

If you don't see any cross-compile configurations you have to use the appropriate wx-config directly: 

/usr/i586-mingw32msvc/lib/wx/config/i586-mingw32msvc-msw-unicode-release-static-2.8 --list

(The instruction may differ according to your configuration.)
If the output shows your cross-build targets, everything is okay. If not something went wrong with compiling your wxWidgets cross-libraries.

In the further part of this document I'll use the paths I used in the example configure-line.

Preparing Code::Blocks

If everything is installed you have to prepare Code::Blocks for cross-compiling.

Therefore you need a special compiler based on GNU GCC compiler

Create Compiler

  • Open Settings -> Compiler and Debugger ... -> Global compiler settings.
  • Chose GNU GCC compiler.
  • Click Copy.
  • Give your new Compiler a meaningful name.
Duplicate Compiler
  • Chose the cross-compiler.

Fix Search directories

  • Open the Search directories notebook.
  • Change the search directory for the Compiler to
/usr/i586-mingw32msvc/include/
Search Directories -> Compiler
  • for the Linker to
/usr/i586-mingw32msvc/lib/
Search Directories -> Linker
  • and the Resource Compiler also to
/usr/i586-mingw32msvc/include/
Search Directories -> Resource Compiler

Fix Toolchain Executables

  • Open the Toolchain executables notebook.
  • Change the Program Files as follows:
  • C Compiler to:
i586-mingw32msvc-gcc
  • C++ Compiler and Linker for dynamic libs to:
i586-mingw32msvc-g++
  • Linker for static libs to:
i586-mingw32msvc-ar
  • Debugger to:
i586-mingw32msvc-gdb
  • Resource compiler to:
`wx-config --host=i586-mingw32msvc --rescomp`
  • Leave Make unchanged
Toolchain executables

One word to the debugger executable: there is no cross-debugger available in the MinGW-suite !
But for rudimentary debugging we can use the MS Windows version of the gdb-debugger avaible on the MinGW download site.

But debugging works not reliable, I think it's because there are some ifdef's in the Code::Blocks sources for the debugger-plugin dealing with differences between the linux and the MS Windows versions of gdb and the different application structure. Even if we use a MS WIndows executable as debugger, Code::Blocks believes it works on linux (and that's of course right) and is therefore compiled for the linux gdb.

There is also a real cross-debugger for MS WIndows applications available, that belongs to wine, but the syntax is not compatible with the one of gdb, even if it is possible to use gdb as backend for winedbg.

I will come back to the debugger and how it can be called (a shell-script) later in this document.

Setting up your project

You can of course use a working wxWidgets-project, but for testing I think the best way is to use the wizard and create a brand-new project.

Creating a new build target

If you have opened your project in Code::Blocks, go to the Projects tab in the Manager and right-click it to prepare it for cross-compiling.

Chose Properties... from the context menu and switch to the Build targets-tab.

Select one of the build targets (I used Release for this example), click the Duplicate-button and give it a new name (WinRelease in my case).

Duplicate build target

Change the Output filename from bin/Release/<filename> to bin/WinRelease/<filename>.exe, and uncheck at least Auto-generate filename extension.

Adapt settings of build target

Fixing build options

  • In the Build options of the project you have to move `wx-config --cflags` from the global Compiler settings -> Other options to the one for the standard build targets (Debug and Release).
Do the same for Linker Settings -> Other linker options.
  • To make it clear the Other options-tabs of the Compiler settings and Linker settings belonging to the whole project have to be empty (or only include settings that are valid for the Linux and the MS Windows targets).
  • Change the compiler for WinRelease from GNU GCC compiler to Mingw GNU GCC Cross-Compiler for Windows or however you called the cross-compiler.
  • The appropriate calls to wx-config for the WinRelease must have the parameter: --host=i586-mingw32msvc included and should have the parameter --static set also.
Until now I haven't been able to make a cross-compiled program run on MS Windows if I did not use the static libraries.
  • The line in Linker Settings -> Other options should look like that:
`wx-config --host=i586-mingw32msvc --static --cflags`
Compiler settings
  • The line in Linker Settings -> Other linker options should look like that:
`wx-config --host=i586-mingw32msvc --static --libs`
Linker settings

If the wx-config-command does not find the correct wxWidgets configuration, you can also add a --prefix=/usr/i586-mingw32msvc or maybe another prefix if you use self-compiled libraries (it should be the same you used for ./configure).

Compile

Not much to say here.

If everything went right, you should have a real MS Windows-application in your output directory: 

file bin/WinRelease/test.exe
bin/WinRelease/test.exe: MS-DOS executable PE  for MS Windows (GUI) Intel 80386 32-bit

If you want to run it on MS Windows you need mingwm10.dll in the same directory or at any other place in the search path.
It's part of the mingw32-runtime-package and can be found (gzipped) in /usr/share/doc/mingw32-runtime/ (at least on debian systems).

You can create console-projects in a similar way without using wx-config of course.

Running on Linux

Normal run

To run your application on Linux you will need the wine-package.

To start a MS WIndows executable from the console (or from within Code::Blocks) you need the binfmt-support-package or however it is called in your distro.

If you run your test application it should look like this one:

Dialog based example

Debugging

Known limitations

Debugging MS Windows apps with Code::Blocks works, but it does not work reliable.

I think one problem is that gdb has a slightly different syntax on Linux and MS Windows. Code::Blocks is aware of this and therefore uses different instructions when running gdb on Linux and on MS Windows.
Therefore there are some #ifdef's in source code.

The problem is that Code::Blocks on Linux is compiled for ... right Linux.
It does not know anything about special instructions for MS WIndows to use while debugging.

Annother problem might be the fact that wine normally uses it own dll's and that its api is not 100% compatible with the original MS Windows-api.
It might be possible to do some tweaking, or to use real MS Windows dll's, but that can lead to licensing problems and there is of course no guarantee that it works (better) in all cases.

Setting up the debugger

Nevertheless it is possible to debug MS Windows applications from within Code::Blocks:

Download a recent gdb-package (for MS Windows of course) from www.mingw.org/ and unzip to any directory you want.
I put it into: 

~/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/

There should be at least a bin-subdirectory now that contains gdb.exe.
Typing 

~/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin/gdb.exe -v

at the console should lead to something like this: 

GNU gdb 6.7.50.20071127
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.  Type "show copying"
and "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i686-pc-mingw32".
Wine exited with a successful status

The easiest way to use gdb.exe from within Code::Blocks is to create a simple shell-script (I called it i586-mingw32msvc-gdb) : 

#!/bin/sh

wine /home/jens/.wine/drive_c/MinGW/bin/gdb.exe "$@"

You have to fix the path inside the script to point to your gdb.exe.

Make the script executable and place it in /usr/bin. 

chmod 755 i586-mingw32msvc-gdb
sudo chown root.root i586-mingw32msvc-gdb
sudo mv i586-mingw32msvc-gdb /usr/bin

If you now run: 

i586-mingw32msvc-gdb -v

from the console you should get the same output as above when calling gdb.exe directly.

You now have to put the name of the script in the appropriate text-box in Toolchain executables as described above.

The debugger can be used as the native gdb for Linux from within Code::Blocks.

Happy debugging.

(External) Links

Here are some links that contain interesting articles and/or discussions about cross-compiling.

They are surely not complete and they are not in any special order.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_compiler
http://www.wxwidgets.org/wiki/index.php/Cross-Compiling_Under_Linux
https://wiki.codeblocks.org/index.php?title=Code::Blocks_and_Cross_Compilers
http://gcc.gnu.org/wiki/Building_Cross_Toolchains_with_gcc
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